The term “Deed” means a written legal contract that binds the parties to its terms and can be proved in the court as evidence.
The term ‘Conveyance’ is used when there is transfer of ownership or legal title in a property from one person to another. Hence, a conveyance deed is a legal document between a transferor and a transferee, which proves that a title or ownership in the property along with all other rights related to the property have been transferred from one person to another.
It informs that the property is free from any restrictions and disputes. Both parties sign it and it can be produced in a court if any dispute relating to the agreement arises in future.
However, a conveyance deed is a wide term which not only includes a sale of the property but also other kinds of transfers such as gift, exchange, lease, mortgage, relinquishment and other transfers.
A conveyance deed is valid only when the property is sold for a valid consideration (usually money) except in the case of a gift deed which results out of love and affection.
It can be signed for either movable or immovable property.
A conveyance deed is executed in accordance with the legal provisions under the Transfer of Property Act 1882, Registration Act 1908 and Indian Stamp Act, 1899.
In order to be valid and acceptable in a court, a conveyance deed needs to contain some essential elements. For instance, it must:
* Establish exact boundaries of the property to avoid any dispute relating to land ownership,
* State that all the rights relating to the property have been transferred along with the property,
* Provide details regarding delivery and acceptance of the property,
* State all terms and conditions relating to the transfer,
* Be made on a non-judicial stamp paper and signed by both parties,
* Mention full names, addresses and other requisite details of the seller and the buyer,
* State that the property is free from any disputes and restrictions,
* Be signed by at least two witnesses
* Be in writing and notarised, and
* Be registered through the local registrar’s office by submitting appropriate registration fee. Registration is proof that the property is free from any disputes and has been transferred to the buyer permanently with a clean title.
Once the registration is complete, the buyer becomes the absolute owner of the property and the conveyance process gets over officially. A lawyer and a real estate agent can help two parties compose, sign, and register a deed of conveyance during a transaction. The government obtains its revenue from the stamp duty and registration fees.